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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Per quod ： ウィキペディア英語版 Per quod Per quod is a Latin phrase (meaning ''whereby'') used to illustrate that the existence of a thing or an idea is on the basis of external circumstances not explicitly known or stated. ==Legal Example== "Statements are considered defamatory ''per quod'' if the defamatory character of the statement is not apparent on its face, and extrinsic facts are required to explain its defamatory meaning." ''Kolegas v. Heftel Broadcasting Corp''., 607 N.E.2d 201, 206 (Ill. 1992). With defamation ''per quod'', the plaintiff has to prove actual monetary and general damages, as compared to defamation ''per se'' where the special damages are presumed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Per quod」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.